Pipe
Different plastics are available, including ABS. polypropylene and uPVC. Support horizontal pipes about every 500mm. vertical pipes about every 12m. Basin pipes connected to a single-stack system are restricted to a maximum length of 3m unless special precautions are taken (special automatic resealing traps or designing the system with separate ventilation pipes, for instance).
Flexible waste pipe is also available particularly useful under sinks and basins.
Sockets
For joining lengths of plain ended pipe together. Available for all methods of joining. Some sockets have a plain end to take another connector instead of a pipe.
Bends
For taking runs of 'horizontal' pipe around corners. 90 degree and 135-degree angle bends are most widely available. Waste pipes should slope (but often only slightly) towards the outlet - to connect these to vertical pipes, use 91-degree or 92-degree bends. Some bends have a plain end and adjustable - swivelling - bends are also available.
Tees
Common angles are 90, 91, 92 and 135 degrees. Tees are usually swept in the direction of the flow (the tees should be fitted so that the direction of the bend from the branch into the main pipe is the same as the direction of the flow of water). Avoid using tees for joining two waste pipes that then run to a single-stack system wastes should be connected individually to the stack.
Connectors
Various types are available for connecting pipe to different fittings. Reducers can be used for joining 32mm or 40mm pipe to 40mm or 50mm pipe. Copper compression can be used to connect plastic pipe to existing copper wastes. BSP screwed thread can be used to connect pipe to a waste outlet in sinks and so on. Jointing paste must not be used on screw threads, but PTFE tape can be used if necessary.
WC connectors
The easiest joint to make to a WC is with a plain-ended connector. This should be dry-jointed to the WC outlet, using a rubber gasket. Various patterns of connector are available with different angles and lengths of plain-ended spigot (depending on the position of the WC pan and the soil pipe to be connected). For particularly awkward joints, a Multi-kwik connector can be used - again, various patterns are avail¬able, including one that will cope with slight displacements between the pan outlet and the soil pipe.
Traps
P traps have a horizontal outlet; S-traps have a vertical outlet. Trap inlets usually have BSP threads for connecting directly to waste outlets. Shallow-seal traps can be used on wastes discharging into gullies or hopper heads; on single stack systems deep seal (75mm) traps should be used. Deep-seal traps take up more room, and to install one beneath a bath you may need to cut away the floorboards. Bottle traps are neater than tubular ones and may be easier to use in tight spaces instead of a deep-seal trap -they should not be used on waste disposers. Bath traps often come complete with over¬flow system attached. Washing machine traps have an inlet at the side for taking a washing machine outlet hose - the trap replaces the sink trap. In some situations, automatic resealing traps may be necessary - for example, for extra-long basin wastes connected to single-stack systems.
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